Concept of Volleyball - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2271 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Volleyball Essay Did you like this example? Sports fill the nation with diehard fans and hours of television screen times for many people daily. For some sports though there are many rules, regulations, and dynamics behind the game. For instance, volleyball is a game many are fans of, but many who have never seen a match or have a head of volleyball alone may find the game confusing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Concept of Volleyball" essay for you Create order Through the decades volleyball is a sport that has changed drastically. Changing the concepts of ruling and regulations of the game. Rules for high school matches versus club matches. The dynamics of getting the perfect pass or mastering that serves to ace the opponent. All in all, volleyball is commonly known as the most underrated and unappreciated sport of our generation. Having this mindset diminishes the key concepts of volleyball. The idea of the game with the equipment, terms, fundamentals and the rules of the game. The idea of volleyball begins with two teams with six players on each side. The players use their hands to take a ball back and forth over a regulated high net. The ball must touch the court within the opponents playing area before it can be returned. To prevent this a player on the opposing team gets the ball up and toward a teammate, before it touches the court surface†that teammate may then volley it back across the net or guide it to a third teammate who volleys it across the net. A team is allowed only three touches of the ball at a minimum before it must be returned over the net to the other team. A touch is regulated as any physical contact with the ball. Rather it is with the players hand, or head a touch is a touch. There are ruling with touching the ball also. For instance, if a player contacts the ball trying to catch it and throw it back up this would be ruled as a lift. In this instance, the call by the ref would be made and the ball and point would be given to the other team. Volleyball requires a minimum of equipment and space and can be played indoors or outdoors. The game is played on a smooth-surfaced court, divided by a center line into two equal areas, one of which is selected by or assigned to each of the two teams. Players may not step completely beyond the center line while the ball is in play. A tightly stretched net is placed across the court exactly above the middle of the center line. The height of the net and the antennas are all regulated to correctly admit to the age of the players. A ball must pass over the net entirely between the antennae. In this sport, there are allowed 6 players on each side at a time. Normally, you would have your libero, setters, hitters, and back ro w players. Volleyball has three common terms used when having the ball getting at most three touches on it before it is sent back over to the opposing team. Volleyball has changed into a very specialized sport. Many teams will include in their starting line-up a setter, two center blockers, two receiver-hitters, and a universal spiker. Only certain players will be involved with service reception. Players will also have specialist positions for attack and defense. Substitutions are allowed during the game. Since 1998, volleyball has been using a new scoring system. Teams scored a point on every rally, meaning a rally point system. Regardless of which team served. Formerly, a team could only win a point if it served the ball. Winning the serve back from the opposition was known as a side-out. Matches are played best of five sets. The first four sets are played to 25 points, with the final set being played to 15 points. A team must win a set by two points. There is no ceiling, so a set continues until one of the teams gains a two-point advantage. Previously, all sets were to 15 points, with the first four sets having a ceiling of 17 and the final set requiring at least a two-point winning advantage (fivb.org). First, there is a pass. When a player passes a ball, their forearms are straight and at a 90-degree angle from their body. Their hands are either in a cuffed fist or flat prayer hands common terms used for the positioning of the players hands for passing. Many believe that the best way for passing is staying low at a 90-degree angle that can have the passes at a neutral position that makes it easier to contact the ball. The best passers seem to move backward, absorbing the ball on their arms allowing for more control passing. Also, the way the players body is positioned during a pass is very important too. The angle of their forearms has positioned the speed of the ball, and the position of their feet. These three concepts depend on the angle and the height of the ball being passed to the setter. In the end, making the setters job easier. Libero is most commonly the best passer on a team. They are the player who wears the different colored jersey indicating special subs or rotations that wouldnt normally be allowed with a normal colored jersey. The liberos base or home for plays is normally on the far left side of the 10-foot line. There they are expected to dig balls from the right side, middle or outside hitters to keep the ball in play. Liberos are most commonly the most agile and quickest on their feet. Liberos are known for picking up balls that are far above their head or to diving from their base to the 10-foot line to keep the ball in play. Most commonly if the setter happens to take the first ball the libero is expected to take the second contact to set up the hitter for an attack. The libero always must keep their head on a swivel. Being a libero though has many regulations. They can only serve once, they must substitute behind the 10-foot line, they cannot pass the 10-foot line on an attack and they cannot set a ball that is in front of the 10-foot line either. Along with the Libero, there are also the back-row players. These are the ones who are most likely designated for passing and getting the ball to the setter and making it easier for the setter to get the ball to the hitters. These three contacts or less make it difficult for the other team to receive or try to get up. Back row players are commonly forgotten when a great hit or set came to be. There wouldnt have been a rally in the first place. Most back row players are loud and agile and wanting to get to every ball and making it known who has the ball. For instance, when a back-row player is going to become in contact with the ball most players say mine. Indicating that they are going to contact the ball and having others ready for the next contact. Not only does the back row come with fundamentals it is very important to always have their head on a swivel. If the setter messes up the ball, they try their best to better the ball and get it over. Also, when a hitter is going to conta ct the ball the back-row player can communicate to them where to hit it. The line is straight down the court vertically, or cross hitting the ball diagonally. Other key terms for indicating to the hitter to hit but seeing how important it is for the back-row player to fully communicate. Next, is setting. Wide hands and fingers are placed above the eye level and forehead level of the player. Using both their arms and legs, the player pushes the ball with both of their hands at the same time to set the ball. The setter is commonly the captain of the team meaning they oversee the plays and keeping the rest of the players in line. Setters must know the lineup and certain rotations and communicating shots and certain tactics to get a point for their team. The setters need to beat the ball to the spot and being ready to anticipation the location of the pass. Also, be ready to move from their base in case of a miss pass or miss communication between the passers and get in position to set. The setters are the one who is to set up the hitters for their attacks. Setters must have good hands and eye-hand coordination for getting the balls from the passers and to the hitters for an attack. Being a setter is a very important task. They oversee telling their hitters what they are hitting or what plays they are running. For example, is the outside going to hit a fast set, known as a 4, or are they going to come in hitting a higher ball in the middle, known as a 2? Setters oversee also communicating with not only their hitters but their back-row players also. They need to communicate to them that they need a higher pass or a tighter pass to the net to keep them on. With all the accountabilities of a setter, there are many advantages too. Setters contact the ball 95% of the time. They are most likely the teams captain or all-around player depending on their atheism and accountability. Lastly, the most common term is hitting. While hitting one either does the standing approach or the jumping approach. Either way, the player starts out with their hands in front of their body in an almost runners position. As the ball is set up and realized from the setters hand, they would take their dominant hand behind their head at another 90-degree angle and use the other hand as a glider of the ball. Now, with a jumping approach, as the set ball hits its peak, you would start the approach. As a dominant right-handed person, one would start with their left foot stepping forward, then right and then jump on their left to contact the ball. Withstanding or jump hitting, one would contact the ball with the center of their palm as fast as they could sending the ball across the end. All in all, in getting three contacts. Bump, set, spike or pas s, set, hit. Hitters are the teams key assets normally to finishing a rally. They are the ones with will most likely send the ball over with an aggressive attack on the other team. Having three hitters in the front row is the most common way to play. Hitting starts out with a strong hand and forearm, high vertical, and strong finish. When hitting one must start with their hand above their head at a 90-degree angle facing upward. After this, the ball is tossed to the hitter. When contact is made the ball should touch the palm of their hand with their fingers spread out. Once contact is made, the player needs to follow through. What this means is that the players hand and forearm should swing all the way through to where the hand should be facing downward, and having the ball go over the net at a fast and hard speed. The concept of hitting comes along with a term called blocking. This is when a hitter on the other side of the attacker is jumping up to interfere with the attackers hit. Blocking is an action that a player or players close to the net to intercept the ball coming from the opponent by reaching higher than the top of the net (theartofcoachingvolleyball.com). Only front-row players are allowed to complete a block. A block is completed whenever the ball is touched by a blocker. A collective block is acted by two or three players close to each other. In blocking, the player may place their hands and arms anywhere above the net, provided that this action does not interfere with the opponents hit or the net. Now if the player does touch the net or interferes with the pursuit of the players hit the ref will blow their whistle and give the point to the attacking team. All the terms and uses of volleyball can get confusing, but there are limitations and regulations as well. Each team may request a maximum of two time-outs and six substitutions per set. The request for time-outs or substitutions must be made after the play has ended. A coach is not allowed to sub or ask for a time-out mid-play. A team is not allowed to make multiple requests for substitution during the same interruption (theartofcoachingvolleyball.com). Two or more players can be substituted at the same time within the same request. Regular game interruptions may be requested by the coach, or in the absence of the coach, by the game captain, and only by them. Substitution before the start of a set is permitted and should be recorded as a regular substitution in that set. The ideas of volleyball along with the equipment, terms, fundamentals and the rules of the game, it shows many how a sport has so much more than what meets the eye. For example, finding more facts that people havent heard or even seen before. Volleyball is not only a physical but mental sport as well. With all the skills and teamwork, a certain team can have. A truly good team has a connection and c ommitment to the sport many seem to push away. Works Cited 35th FIVB Congress 2016. Official Volleyball Rules 2017-2020. FIVB-Vo

Does Religion Cause Wars Free Essays

There is a conventional belief among many individuals that religion is the main cause of the present and past wars inflicting torment within the world. However, many humans fail to see past that belief; they are unable to understand that religion is just a small factor amongst the many contributing to the cause of wars. In fact, religion is merely a tool and an excuse used to hide the need for power and sins of the human nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Does Religion Cause Wars? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Among these factors, it may be the misinterpretation of religious teachings and the differing ideals of many individuals. Unfortunately, these factors are often overlooked as most people view this issue with a simplistic mindset. The idea of religion is often able to bring peace and harmony within the world. In saying this though, religion may be twisted and exploited by individuals for either economic or political reasons, mostly with the blind ambition for power and control. Such people have used religion as a tool and an excuse in order to achieve their own personal desires. This is apparent with the previous Iraqi president, Saddam Hussein. The Iraqi president had aimed to persuade the Jihadists to start a holy war against the United States and British forces, who were seeking to dismiss him for his position. Saddam Hussein had publicly voiced his call toward the Jihadists in an Iraqi state television, where he encouraged them through his statement, â€Å"jihad is a duty in confronting them†¦ Those who are martyred will be rewarded in heaven. Seize the opportunity, my brothers† (Saddam Hussein). It is evident; however, that Saddam Hussein did not really view the war he intended to begin as a religious war. Instead he planned to use religion as an excuse for his own political gains, which was to maintain his position as president of Iraq. In conclusion, religion is not the sole reason of the previous and present wars within the world, it is also the people themselves who exploit and twist religion itself. Many individuals often find it difficult to give religion a precise definition. It is within their ability to understand the concept of religion yet are unable to provide an accurate definition of the word. Therefore, many may have their own interpretations of what religion truly is. This notion is similar to how individuals may have varying views in regards to the religious teachings of their religion. Sadly, in some cases, people may actually misinterpret the teachings of their religion, which can often lead to disastrous outcomes. Such consequences are evident with the infamous belief of ‘Jihad’. The concept of Jihad means â€Å"holy war† or â€Å"the holy struggle†. It also teaches that there shall be no use of violence â€Å"except in the case of defensive wars, wars which are waged to punish a tyrant, or those which are meant to uphold freedom† (Concept of Jihad, pg 2). Unfortunately, there are others who misunderstand the concept of Jihad and instead believe it to be complete submission to Allah, which further means they are â€Å"prepared to die (martyrdom) in the course of this submission†. Such cases usually result in terrorism and suicide bombings, where individuals believe that by forcing others into their religion, by death, will please Allah. The most known example of these occurrences is the September 11 suicide bombings where approximately two planes crashed into the twin towers in New York, USA. This event was not necessarily a war but was instead an attack part of the already ongoing war between the United States and the Islamic, terrorist group, Al-Qaeda. From this event it is evident that the members of Al-Qaeda had misinterpreted the concept of Jihad and instead violated the religion by using violence for unnecessary reasons. It can be concluded that even though religion may play a role in the cause of wars, it is not necessarily the only factor to blame but also the misinterpretation of the religious teachings of religions. It is not solely religion itself that spur the gruesome wars that have occurred throughout history, but also the varying ideals of the religious worshipers. Unfortunately, in some cases there is a chance that the ideals of certain individuals may have a larger influence on them than their own religious beliefs. Such terms are often confused with each other; however, there is a prominent difference between the two. Beliefs are set in stone already, statements or truths that humans have decided to place their confidence in. On the other hand, ideals are personal concepts of perfection; they have no boundaries unlike beliefs. When the ideals of humans have a larger power over them, the results often have a high chance of becoming cataclysmic. Such results are evident within Nazi Germany during the Second World War, after the 1930s. Germany had been under the dictatorship of a tyrant known as Adolf Hitler. Hitler was infamously known for his cruelty and mass murder towards the Jews in Germany at that time. His reason for his actions was that by protecting himself against the Jews, he was â€Å"defending the handiwork of God† (Mein Kampf, pg 60). Despite his religious reason, he had a deeper hatred towards the Jews and desired an ideal world, where there was only a majority of pure descendants of the â€Å"Aryan† race. The Aryan race involved humans with certain features such as blonde hair and blue eyes. Hitler believed that the Jews were contaminating his ideal race as they offered the â€Å"most striking contrast to the Aryan† (Mein Kampf, pg 259), thus leading to his revulsion towards the Jews. It is unmistakable that the beliefs of Hitler were not the only cause of his actions but also his extreme ideals, which had lead to the carnage he had incited. Therefore, it is not only religion itself that cause wars but also the differing ideals of humans. Religion is often unfairly blamed as the direct cause of wars throughout the world. It is often used as a scapegoat as many people cannot look past that simplistic view. Many individuals have never considered the possibilities of other factors contributing to such wars. A few of these factors are the exploitation of religion for the personal gains of individuals, the misinterpretation of religious teachings and the differing ideals of many humans. From these factors, it is evident that it is not just religion itself that causes the wars, but the people themselves also who actually wage these atrocities. Adolf Hitler (1998). Mein Kampf. United States: Houghton Mifflin Company PDF file viewed at – http://www. greatwar. nl/books/meinkampf/meinkampf. pdf Last accessed 26/2/12 A. Ezzati. 1986). The Concept Of Martyrdom In Islam . Available: http://www. al-islam. org/al-serat/concept-ezzati. htm. Last accessed 26/2/12. Coel Hellier. (2011). Nazi racial ideology was religious, creationist and opposed to Darwinism. Available: http://coelsblog. wordpress. com/2011/11/08/nazi-racial-ideology-was-religious-creationist-and-opposed-to-darwinism/#sec5. Last accessed 26/2/12. Dr. John Kelsay. (1999). THE RETURN OF THE RELIGIOUS WAR . Available: http://rinr. fsu. edu/fallwinter99/features/religiouswar. tml. Last accessed 26/2/12. Hadrat Mirza Gulam Ahmad. (1995). Jihad. The true Islamic concept. Available: http://www. alislam. org/library/articles/Jihad-Brochure. pdf. Last accessed 26/2/12 Jim Lehrer. (2003). Saddam Hussein Calls for Jihad. Available: http://www. pbs. org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june03/saddam_4-1. html. Last accessed 26/2/12 M. Amir Ali. (Unknown). Islam, Jihad, and Terrorism. Available: http://www. aboutjihad. com/terrorism/islam_jihad_terrorism. php. Last accessed 26/2/12. How to cite Does Religion Cause Wars?, Essay examples

Dengue Fever free essay sample

In these locations, the dengue fever arbovirus is endemic, meaning that the virus naturally and consistently lives in that location. The disease only shows up in the United States sporadically. In order to understand how dengue fever is transmitted, several terms need to be defined. The word host means an animal (including a human) that can be infected with a particular disease. The word vector means an organism that can carry a particular disease-causing agent (like a virus or bacteria) without actually developing the disease. The vector can then pass the virus or bacteria on to a new host. Many of the common illnesses in the United States (including the common cold, many viral causes of diarrhea, and influenza or flu) are spread because the viruses that cause these illness can be passed directly from person to person. However, dengue fever cannot be passed directly from one infected person to another. We will write a custom essay sample on Dengue Fever or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Instead, the virus responsible for dengue fever requires an intermediate vector, a mosquito, that carries the virus from one host to another. The mosquito that carries the arbovirus responsible for dengue fever is the same type of mosquito that can transmit other diseases, including yellow fever. This mosquito is called Aedes egypti. The most common victims are children younger than 10 years of age. Dengue fever can occur when a mosquito carrying the arbovirus bites a human, passing the virus on to the new host. Once in the body, the virus travels to various glands where it multiplies. The virus can then enter the bloodstream. The presence of the virus within the blood vessels, especially those feeding the skin, causes changes to these blood vessels. The vessels swell and leak. The spleen and lymph nodes become enlarged, and patches of liver tissue die. A process called disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurs, where chemicals responsible for clotting are used up and lead to a risk of severe bleeding (hemorrhage). After the virus has been transmitted to the human host, a period of incubation occurs. During this time (lasting about five to eight days) the virus multiplies. Symptoms of the disease appear suddenly and include high fever, chills, headache, eye pain, red eyes, enlarged lymph nodes, a red flush to the face, lower back pain, extreme weakness, and severe aches in the legs and joints. This initial period of illness lasts about two or three days. After this time, the fever drops rapidly and the patient sweats heavily. After about a day of feeling relatively well, the patients temperature increases again, although not as much as the first time. A rash of small red bumps begins on the arms and legs, spreading to the chest, abdomen, and back. It rarely affects the face. The palms of the hands and the soles of the feet become swollen and turn bright red. The characteristic combination of fever, rash, and headache are called the dengue triad. Most people recover fully from dengue fever, although weakness and fatigue may last for several weeks. Once a person has been infected with dengue fever, his or her immune system keeps producing cells that prevent reinfection for about a year. More severe illness may occur in some people. These people may be experiencing dengue fever for the first time. However, in some cases a person may have already had dengue fever at one time, recovered, and then is reinfected with the virus. In these cases, the first infection teaches the immune system to recognize the presence of the arbovirus. When the immune cells encounter the virus during later infections, the immune system over-reacts. These types of illnesses, called dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), involve more severe symptoms. Fever and headache are the first symptoms, but the other initial symptoms of dengue fever are absent. The patient develops a cough, followed by the appearance of small purplish spots (petechiae) on the skin. These petechiae are areas where blood is leaking out of the vessels. Large bruised areas appear as the bleeding worsens and abdominal pain may be severe. The patient may begin to vomit a substance that looks like coffee grounds. This is actually a sign of bleeding into the stomach. As the blood vessels become more damaged, they leak more and continue to increase in diameter (dilate), causing a decrease in blood flow to all tissues of the body. This state of low blood flow is called shock. Shock can result in damage to the bodys organs (especially the heart and kidneys) because low blood flow deprives them of oxygen. Diagnosis should be suspected in endemic areas whenever a high fever goes on for two to seven days, especially if accompanied by a bleeding tendency. Symptoms of shock should suggest the progression of the disease to DSS. The arbovirus causing dengue fever is one of the few types of arbovirus that can be isolated from the serum of the blood. The serum is the fluid in which blood cells are suspended. Serum can be tested because the phase in which the virus travels throughout the bloodstream is longer in dengue fever than in other arboviral infections. A number of tests are used to look for reactions between the patients serum and laboratory-produced antibodies. Antibodies are special cells that recognize the markers (or antigens) present on invading organisms. During these tests, antibodies are added to a sample of the patients serum. Healthcare workers then look for reactions that would only occur if viral antigens were present in that serum. There is no treatment available to shorten the course of dengue fever, DHF, or DSS. Medications can be given to lower the fever and to decrease the pain of muscle aches and headaches. Fluids are given through a needle in a vein to prevent dehydration. Blood transfusions may be necessary if severe hemorrhaging occurs. Oxygen should be administered to patients in shock. Prevention of dengue fever means decreasing the mosquito population. Any sources of standing water (buckets, vases, etc. ) where the mosquitoes can breed must be eliminated. Mosquito repellant is recommended for those areas where dengue fever is endemic. To help break the cycle of transmission, sick patients should be placed in bed nets so that mosquitoes cannot bite them and become arboviral vectors.